Friday 30 August 2024

L E A R N I N G

 

          L E A R N I N G

One of the definitions of learning which I found somewhere was like this: the process of acquiring new understanding , knowledge, behaviour, skill, value, attitude, ability, methodology, etc.

And these were the learning quotes which impressed me:

1.Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and l learn.  2.In learning you will teach, and in teaching you will learn. 3. The more you read, the more things you will know.

           

To put it briefly,  a man of learning is scholarly, knowledgeable, cultured, intellectual, studious, pedantic, sage, wise, highbrow, etc.

           

            The American poet and author Mrs. Lydia Huntley Sigourney (1791-1865)  said: The true order of learning should be : first, what is necessary; second, what is useful ; and third, what is ornamental. To reverse the arrangement is like beginning to build at the top of the edifice.

 

            According to the  American clergy and poet Ray Palmer (1808-87) : Learning, if rightly applied, makes a young man thinking, attentive, industrious, confident, and wary; and an old man cheerful and useful, It is an ornament in prosperity, a refuge in adversity, an entertainment at all times; it cheers in solitude, and gives moderation and wisdom in all circumstances.  

 

Finally, an observation by the English poet and translator Alexander Pope (1688-1744): A little learning is a dangerous thing ! drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring; there shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, and drinking largely sobers us again.

 

* In Greek mythology, the Pierian Spring of Macedonia was sacred to the  Pierides and the Muses.Muses were mythological goddesses that presided over the arts and sciences.

                                                *********

G.R.Kanwal

30 August 2o24

Tuesday 27 August 2024

K I N D N E S S

 

                K I N D N E S S

‘Kindness’ is defined as generosity, benevolence, warm-heartedness, humanitarianism, fellow-feeling, compassion, good-will, cordiality, graciousness, mercifulness, gentleness, etc.  

            Kindness  is one the most admirable virtues. One can call it a spiritual quality. Those who are kind-hearted believe in mercy, pity, toleration and forgiveness.

English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1828) said : “Life is made up, not of great sacrifices or duties, but of little things, in which smiles and kindnesses, and small obligations, given habitually , are what win and preserve the heart and secure comfort.“

German poet and philosopher Goethe (1749-1832) believed: “Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.”

English clergy and novelist  Charles Kingsley (1819-75)  suggests: “Make a rule, and pray to God to help you to keep it , never, if possible, to lie down at night without being able to say: I have made one human being at least a little wiser, or little happier, or at least a little better this day.” This suggestion cannot be implemented  by any person without being kind-hearted.

            Finally, a reference to a poem written by the American poet and critic James Russell Lowell (1819-1891) . Its title is Yussouf who is an Arab Lord  known for his great hospitality and kind-heatedness . His tent is  always open day and night  for the needy and unsheltered.

One night a stranger Ibrahim  who had been abolished  from  his society and was a runaway, comes to Yussouf’s tent, receives Yussoufs”s plentiful  hospitality and while departing with a gift of gold disclose to  Yussouf the heart-rending truth that he is the murderer of his first-born son.

 Yussouf does not become furious and revengeful. He tells Ibrahim:

“Take thrice the gold;  but leave the desert, never to return. My one black thought shall ride away from me.

He also adds: Thou are avenged, my first-born, sleep in peace.

 Lowell closes the poem with these words:

 As one lamp lights another, nor grows less,

So nobleness enkindleth nobleness.

 

                                    ********

G.R.Kanwal

27 August 2024              

 

 

 

Monday 26 August 2024

THE FLUTE PLAYER OF BRINDABAN

 

 

                                    THE FLUTE PLAYER OF BRINDABAN

“The Flute Player of Brindaban” is a devotional poem by the Indian poetess and politician Sarojini Naidu who was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad and passed away on 2nd March 1949 in Lucknow.

The flute player in the poem stands for Lord Krishna . He was born more than 5,000 years ago, as we find him in his divine song The Bhagwad Gita where he inspires Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra.

This year his birthday is being celebrated on 26 August 2024, though according to the Christian calendar his date of birth is July 21, 3228 B.C.

A literary opinion describes  Saojini Naidu’s poem as highly devotional,   belonging to the Indian Bhakti tradition in which a devotee expresses his/her true love for God.

In the text of the poem which is given below Naidu is expressing her everlasting love for Lord Krishna who is popularly known among his devotees   as The Flute Player.  

Why didst thou play thy matchless flute
'Neath the Kadamba tree,
And wound my idly dreaming heart
With poignant melody,
So where thou goest I must go

My flute-player with thee?

Still must I like a homeless bird
Wander, forsaking all
The earthly loves and worldly lures
That held my life in thrall,
'And follow, follow, answering
Thy magical flute-call.

To Indra's golden-flowering groves
Where streams immortal flow,
Or to sad Yama's silent Courts
Engulfed in lampless woe,
Where'er thy subtle flute I hear
Belovèd I must go!

No peril of the deep or height
Shall daunt my wingèd foot;
No fear of time-unconquered space,
Or light untravelled route,
Impede my heart that pants to drain
The nectar of thy flute!
                                             

                                  *******

G.R.Kanwal

26 August 2024

 

 

 

 

Sunday 25 August 2024

JOHN DONNE AND LORD KRISHNA

 

                JOHN DONNE AND LORD KRISHNA

In his divine song The Bhagavadgita Lord Krishna tells Arjuna who had refused to take up arms against his kith and kin because he did  not want them to die :

“Never was there a time when I was not, nor thou, nor those lords of men, nor will there ever be a time hereafter when we all shall cease to be.”  

Speaking about the difference between the perishable body and the immortal soul therein, the great Lord says: “The dweller in the body of every one, is eternal and can never be slain. Therefore thou shouldst not grieve for any creature.”

The English metaphysical poet John Donne (1573-1613) has a poem on almost the same theme of human immortality. The title of the poem is : Death Be Not Proud. It reads as follows:

Death be not proud, thou some have called thee

Mighty and dreadful, for thou are not soe,

For, those, whom thou think’st, thou dost overthrow,

Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill mee.

From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee,

Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,

And soonest our best men with thee doe goe,

Rest of their bones, and soules deliverie

Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings and desperate men

 

And dost with poison, warre, and sickness dwell,

And poppie, or charmes can make us sleepe as well,

And better than thy stroke, why swell’st thou then?

One short sleepe past, wee wake eternally,

And death shall be no more, death, thou shall die.

                                    ***********

G.R.Kanwal

25 August 2024

 

 

                       

Saturday 24 August 2024

A NOTE ON CRIME

 

A NOTE ON CRIME

Crime is a violation of rules, regulations, laws, codes, ordinances, legal instructions, administrative customs and traditions sanctioned by the legislative powers of a society or country.

            To commit crime is human tendency. There is no crimeless society or state in the world. That is why there are police stations, courts, jails and prisons.

What shocks the members of a society and the citizens of a state is the excess of crimes, so they protest and demand for more preventive measures, speedy trials and deterrent punishments.

            The best way to reduce or prevent crimes is the provision  of moral education at every possible level and  the exhibition of perfect ethical behaviour by political, social, religious, administrative and commercial leaders.

            Prisons should be used as reformative institutions. Mere punishments do not decriminalize wrong doers, offenders, and law breakers.

            The causes of rising crimes can be many like poverty, unemployment, starvation, social discriminations and communal hatreds. Their eradication should be given top priority in reformative measures.

            Somebody has rightly said that crime is not punished as an offence against God, but as prejudicial to society.

            Finally, a well-kown important quote: “History provides us with numerous examples of people who were convinced that they were doing the right thing and committed terrible crimes because of it.”

                                                ************

G.R.Kanwal

24 August 2024    

 

Friday 23 August 2024

IN PRAISE OF NATURE

 

          IN PRAISE OF NATURE

It is impossible for even an ordinary, uneducated man not to be impressed by the beauty of nature. The English poet John Keats (1795-1821) says in the beginning of his poem Endymion :

“A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Its loveliness increases. It will never pass into nothingness; but will keep a bower quiet for us, and a sleep full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. Therefore, on every morrow, we are wreathing a flowery band to bind us to the earth, spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth of noble natures, of the gloomy days, of all unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways made for our searching: yes, in spite of all, some shape of beauty moves away the pall from our dark spirits.

To the question where do we find such shapes of beauty, he mentions the sun, the moon, trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon for simple sheep; such as daffodils with the green world they live in; and clear rills that for themselves a cooling covert make ‘gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake, rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms.

Keats is not a famous lover of nature  like William Wordsworth  (1770-1850) whose deep love for the beauteous forms of the natural world began even when he was a child. The extract given above is particularly in praise of nature.

Before conclusion, here is a good quote from the writings of the German philologist and statesman Karl Wilhelm Humboldt ( 1767-1835) : Natural objects themselves, even when they make no claim to beauty, excite the feelings, and occupy the imagination. Nature pleases, attracts, delights, merely because it is nature. We recognize in it an infinite power.

                                                **********

G.R.Kanwal

23 August 2024

 

 

    

Thursday 22 August 2024

OF STUDIES (AN ESSAY BY FRANCIS BACON}

 

                                    OF  STUDIES

                             (AN ESSAY BY FRANCIS BACON}

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I. He was also a famous writer and had massive interest in scientific subjects.  

His favourite language was Latin but finally he succeeded in adopting good English prose in which his most important work consists of a series of Essays, first appeared in 1597 with ten essays, and later with additions  in 1612 and 1625.  

The extracts which are given below are from 1625 edition.

I.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.

 

II. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; for that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.

 

III. Read not to contradict and confute, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.

 

IV.  Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read , but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.

 

V. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.

 

VI. Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral , grave: logic and rhetoric, able to contend.

                                                *********

G.R.Kanwal

22 July 2024  

Wednesday 21 August 2024

A POET’S LOVE OF NATURE

 

                A POET’S LOVE OF NATURE

“Nature” is defined as the phenomena of the physical world which includes plants , animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the earth, as opposed to humans or human creations.

The phrase “Mother Nature” stands for natural resources, the world, the universe, the cosmos, landscape, scenery, etc. Lovers of nature are called naturalists.

Being in nature has positive effects on people’s physical, mental, moral,  emotional, religious and spiritual health.

In English literature William Wordsworth (1770-1850) is  most famous  for the poetry of nature. He found the delightful and enlightening  beauty of nature everywhere ----in flowers, meadows, woods, mountains, stars, the setting suns and the glories of various seasons.

As the following extract from his poem Tintern Abbey indicates in Nature he found the anchor of his purest thoughts.

“A motion and a spirit, that impels

All thinking things, all objects of all thought,      

And rolls through all things. Therefore am I still

A lover of the meadows and the woods

And mountains ; and of all that we behold

From this green earth ; of all the mighty world

Of eye, and ear, both what they half create

And what perceive ; well pleased to recognise

In Nature and the language of the sense

The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,

The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul

Of all my moral being.

                                                ********

G.R.Kanwal

21 August 2024

 

 

Monday 19 August 2024

WHO IS YOUR FRIEND IN ADVERSITY?

 

          WHO IS YOUR FRIEND IN ADVERSITY?

There is an old saying : Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.

It is a hard fact that sincere, loyal and helpful friends are rare. So it is unwise to depend on your friends during the days of your misfortune, trouble, hardship, distress, suffering, affliction, sorrow, misery, tribulation, woe and hard times.

Most of the friends are selfish and insincere. Instead of helping us when we need their help, they avoid our company making all sorts of lame excuses.   

          Whom should we then trust in adverse times? The best answer is not friends and relative but God and God alone who never lets down his devotees.

            A psalm in the Bible says: Blessed is he who considers the poor; the LORD will deliver him in time of trouble. The LORD will preserve him and keep him alive, and he will be blessed on earth. No body should deliver such a man  to the will of unhelpful people. Even his own familiar friend in whom he trusted , who ate his  bread, will lift up his heel against him.   

But God will be different. He will be merciful and pull him out from all the hardships  of adversity.

Moral: In times of adversity, put your trust only in the compassion and mercy of the All-powerful God.                                           

                        **********************         

G.R.Kanwal

19 August 2024

 

Sunday 18 August 2024

ABOUT TEARS AND LAUGHTER

 

          ABOUT TEARS AND LAUGHTER

If a person is in a tearful state, he is crying, weeping, sobbing, wailing, emotionally upset, sad, sorrowful, melancholy, extremely unhappy, has been hurt by some event, has suffered a loss or some unexpected defeat. 

There may be any situation of grief which is relieved by shedding tears. Psychologists believe that tears have a soothing effect, help in relieving pain, liberate from depressive mood, etc.

Laughter is the opposite of crying. It shows a state of amusement, good humour, merriment, gaiety, entertainment, hilarity, light-heartedness, joy, mirth, happiness, amusement, etc.

There is a wonderful book entitled Tears And Laughter by the Lebanese-American writer and poet Khalil Gibran(1883-1931).  It is a translated version from the Arabic by Anthony Rizcallah Perris. Given below is a short but very significant  extract from the Foreword of this book.

“I would not exchange the laughter of my heart for the fortunes of the multitudes; nor would I be content with converting my tears, invited by my agonized self, into calm. It is my fervent hope that my whole life on earth will ever be tears and laughter.

Tears that purify my heart and reveal to me the secret of life and its     mystery,

Laughter that brings me closer to my fellow men;

Tears with which I join the broken-hearted,

Laughter that symbolizes joy over my very existence.”       

 

                                                ********

G.R.Kanwal

18th August 2024

 

 

Saturday 17 August 2024

SHELLEY’S ODE TO THE WEST WIND

 

                SHELLEY’S  ODE TO THE WEST WIND

One of the most famous romantic poets, Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) is known as a rebel like another romantic poet Lord Byron (1788-1824),  but with a difference. Byron attacked his enemies unmercifully. Shelley’s rebelliousness was based upon general humanitarian grounds, and his desire to regenerate mankind, then suffering from the evils of war. As a literary historian Edward Albert puts it, Byron’s wrath was based chiefly upon his resentment against his personal wrongs.  

Here is a brief extract from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind which expresses his desire for the regeneration of mankind in the highest poetry.

            Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is :

            What if my leaves are falling like its own !

            ‘The tumult of thy mighty harmonies

           

Will take from both a deep autumnal tone,

            Sweet thoughts in sadness. Be thou spirit fierce,

            My spirit ! Be thou me, impetuous one !

           

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth ;

And, by the incantation of this verse,

 

Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind !

Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth

 

The trumpet of a prophesy ! O wind,

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind.

                                    *********

G.R.Kanwal

17 August 2024

Friday 16 August 2024

A SUFI’S VIEW OF THE HEART

 

A SUFI’S VIEW OF THE HEART

There are so many meanings of “the heart”  which we use in our daily conversation and all sorts of writings. Some of these  are : love, liking, care,  passion, tender feelings, warm emotions, compassion, sympathy, kindness, goodwill, fellow-feeling, mercy, concern for others, benevolence, friendliness, generosity, etc. However, there are different interpretations also.  

According to the Indian professor of Sufism Hazrat Inayat Khan (1882-1927)  personality is formed around the heart. For a materialist the heart is a piece of flesh hidden in the breast, but for the mystic the heart is the centre of the person round which the personality is formed. He adds : Consciously or unconsciously man loves the word “heart”, and if we were  to ask a poet to leave out that word and write his poems without using it, he would never satisfy himself or others.

Hazrat Inayat Khan also says that there is only one way of coming near to one’s friends, and that is by way of the heart. If there is anything which is the most wonderful in heaven and earth, it is the heart. If a miracle is to be found anywhere, it is in the heart. For when God has tuned the heart, what is there which is not to be found in it?

Before concluding, I would like to quote the  German writer Jean Paul Richter (1763-1826} :

“Memory, wit, fancy, acuteness, cannot grow young again in old age; but the heart can. “

                                                *************

G.R.Kanwal

16 August 2024

 

 

 

 

 

Thursday 15 August 2024

JUSTIFICATION FOR DRINKING WINE

 

          JUSTIFICATION FOR DRINKING WINE

Wine is an alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes that has been left to ferment. It has a number of verities and is drunk all over the world by adults of permissible age.

Morally, there is no justification for drinking any kind of wine because it intoxicates and becomes an addiction for the whole of one’s life. From that angle water is the best drink for a gentleman.  

Anxious people drink wine  as a medicine.  Though wine’s effects can sometimes feel like a welcome reprieve from anxiety, it’s not a solution. It is rightly said : “On top of other health risks --- like liver damage, cancer, and heart disease --- wine can effect your brain health and make anxiety worse.”

On the positive side it is said  that wine raises “good” cholesterol , prevents forming of blood clots; boosts memory, promotes eye health; reduces risk of cancer; controls blood pressure and helps in regulating blood sugar.

In spite of its benefits, drinking of wine has prohibitory aspects. Look at the following  quotes:

1.”The first draught serveth for health, the second for pleasure, the third for shame, and  the fourth for madness. 

2. The Japanese say: “A man takes a drink, then the drink takes a drink, and the next drink takes the man. “

3.Strong drink is not only the devil’s way into a man, but man’s way to the devil.

4. Habitual intoxication is the epitome of every crime.

5. Drunkenness places man as much below the level of the brutes, as reason elevates him above them.  

            And finally, as the Roman philosopher Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (died 65 AD) said: Drunkenness is nothing else but a voluntary madness.     

                        ***********

G.R. Kanwal

15 August 2024

 

Wednesday 14 August 2024

QUOTING GOETHE

 

                QUOTING GOETHE

Goethe’s full name was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He was a German polymath and writer. Born on 28 August 1749, he died on 22 March 1832. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest and most influential writers of the world. Literary critics find a lot of wisdom in his multiple writings. “Faust, a Tragedy” is one of his most famous books.

According to a critic : “His life stood as a constant challenge to modern man to strive toward a society of more complete integrated human beings. “

Here are some of his best quotes on human personality.

1. Nations, slaves and conquerors with one accord agree the highest joy on this earth is personality.

2. A man may turn and twist as he will, he may undertake whatever he likes, he will always return to the path that Nature has marked out for him from the first.

3. No man sees the world as another sees it: different characters will draw different conclusions from a principle that all accept. Even the same man has not always the same views.  Early convictions must yield to later. What a man thinks and says need not stand every test, so long as he remains true to himself and others.

4. Every man of talent who has not been helped by time and circumstance but has had to work his way through many hindrances, and free himself from many mistakes, is at an immense disadvantage compared with a contemporary who has had the chance of developing easily and learning to use his powers without opposition.

5. Men never larn to be grateful enough to God or Nature or their fellow-men for gifts that are beyond all value.    

To conclude, this simple but meaningful quote: “A great crisis uplifts a man, little ones depress him.”

                                    **********

G.R.Kanwal

 14 August 2024

 

Tuesday 13 August 2024

SOME THOUGHTS ON FREEDOM

 

          SOME THOUGHTS ON FREEDOM

A simple definition of freedom is  the right to do or say what you want without anyone stopping you; and a  free country is that which has its own government without any foreign control.

Some synonyms of freedom are liberty,  independence, self-government, sovereignty, autonomy, democracy, etc.

An independent country has its own government which has full powers to make rules for its citizens and grant them all sorts of rights and  tell them what their duties are.  Such a country continues to make itself as  strong as possible, especially militarily,  to protect its sovereignty.  

It will not be wrong to say that no man in the world is totally free. The Geneva-born political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) said : “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.”  The Irish playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) said nature does not allow man to enjoy total freedom. For example, he must sleep, act, walk, eat, speak, etc.

During the British rule:  Mahatma Gandhi said: Freedom is never dear at any price .

 According to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar: “We are Indians, firstly and lastly.”

On August 14, 1947 midnight when India became free from the foreign rule, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru said: “At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.”

The French philosopher Charles de Secondat Montesquieu (1689-1755} said: “Countries are well cultivated, not as they are fertile, but as they are free.”

And finally the following words of the Roman stoic philosopher Epictetus (60 ?-120?): No man is free who is not master of himself.

                                                ************

G.R.Kanwal             

13 August 2024    

Sunday 11 August 2024

BROTHERHOOD IS A NECESSITY

 

                BROTHERHOOD IS A NECESSITY

The word “brotherhood” expresses feelings of friendship, fellowship, companionship and comradeship. It may also mean an association, alliance, club, union, league, guild, society, association, club, fraternity, etc. A brotherly person is one who is friendly, affectionate, amicable, sympathetic, benevolent, etc.

Such people as believe in brotherhood possess not only the qualities of friendship and understanding but also live together in peace and co-operation.

The members of an organization formed for a particular purpose, especially a religious society or political organization are advised to maintain the relationship of brothers.

It is rightly said: If God is thy father, man is thy brother.

According  to the stoic philosopher of ancient Rome Seneca The Younger (Died 65 AD in Italy) :”We are members of one great body, planted by nature in a mutual love, and fitted for a social life. We must consider that we were born for the good of the whole.”

A former U.S. President Calvin Coolidge (1872-11933) said: “Our doctrine of equality and liberty and humanity comes from our belief in the brotherhood of man, through the fatherhood of God.”

Finally, this most relevant quote on the subject: We must learn to live together as brothers or perish as fools.

                                    **********

G.R.Kanwal

11th August 2024  

 

Friday 9 August 2024

DON’T MULTIPLY YOUR WANTS

 

          DON’T MULTIPLY YOUR WANTS

          Wants are not always needs and necessities. They are also desires and wishes. They should be few and far between, if you want to live a really happy life. Too many wants are troublesome. To fulfil them is not only difficult, but also impossible.

            Fulfilment of desires and wishes leads to enhancement of possessions which are ultimately difficult to manage. Unnecessary possessions are burdensome. They curtail our movement. Life being short, we  cannot use all our possessions during our life.

Departure from this world is without any possession. This stark reality at the time of death is painful and heart-breaking. The questions “How much land does a man need? and What will happen to our possessions after we  have left  this world are meant to warn us  that we should reduce our wants and desires to the maximum possible limit. In this context, here is a relevant poem by the English poet Alexander Pope (1688-1744).

Happy the man, whose wish and care a few paternal acres bound, content to breathe his native air, in his own ground. Whose herds with milk, whose fields with bread, whose trees in summer yield him shade, in winter fire. Blest, who can unconcernedly find hours, days, and years slide soft away, in health of body, peace of mind, quiet by day. Sound sleep by night; study and ease, together mixed; sweet recreation; and innocence, which most does please, with meditation. Thus let me live, unseen, unknown; thus unlamented let me die; steal from the world, and not a stone tell where I lie.

 

            Finally, a short but meaningful quote: It is not the man who has little, but he who desires more, that is poor.

                                                            **********

G.R.Kanwal

9th August 2024

 

  

Thursday 8 August 2024

OLD AGE

 

          OLD AGE

“ Age” is defined as the number of years that a person has lived . The English dramatist and poet William Shakespeare (1564-1616 ) has divided life into seven ages in his poem The Seven Ages of Man. It is however better to divide the ages of life into four stages : childhood, youth, adulthood and  old age.

            Old  age is correctly defined as the range of ages for people surpassing life expectancy. It is not a definite biological stage.

The chronological age denoted as “old age” varies culturally and historically. In the past when there were several fatal diseases like tuberculosis , cholera and malaria and no specific medicines to treat them, the life span of a person  was less than even 50 years  which  is now about 75 years.

            Even in this highly developed world , old age is not a comfortable stage of life. Very few aged people are really  healthy. They are both physically and mentally weak and unhappy.

The English author and philosopher Francis Bacon ( 1561-1626) says: Men of age object too much, consult too long, adventure too little, repent too soon, and seldom drive business home to the full period, but content themselves with a mediocrity of success. This view of old age may not be fully correct  today when old people are being abandoned by their children and are living either alone or in old age homes;  and to grow old gracefully and happily has become a rare and difficult attainment.

            It is not wrong to say that there is not a more repulsive spectacle than an old man who will not forsake the world, which has already forsaken him.

            Finally, when now most of one’s relatives, friends,  colleagues, companions,  etc., have become self-centred and unfaithful, old age is no longer a blessing.

                                                            ***************

G.R.Kanwal

8th August 2024